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The Bell Telephone Memorial, also known as the Bell Memorial, is a monument commemorating the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in July 1874 at his parents' home, Melville House, in Brantford, Ontario, Canada.〔Whitaker, A.J. ''("Bell Telephone Memorial" )'', City of Brantford/Hurley Printing, Brantford, Ontario, 1944. PDF.〕〔Osborne, Harold S. (1943) ''("Biographical Memoir of Alexander Graham Bell" )'', National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs, Vol. XXIII, 1847–1922. PDF. Presented to the Academy at its 1943 annual meeting.〕 In 1906, the citizens of the Brantford and Brant County areas formed the Bell Memorial Association. In 1908, the association's designs committee asked sculptors on two continents to submit proposals for the memorial. The submission by Canadian sculptor Walter Seymour Allward of Toronto won the competition. The memorial was originally scheduled for completion by 1912 but Allward, aided by his studio assistant Emanuel Hahn did not finish it until five years later. The Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, unveiled the memorial on 24 October 1917.〔〔 Allward designed the monument to symbolize the telephone's ability to overcome great distances.〔 A series of steps lead to the main section where the floating allegorical figure of ''Inspiration'' appears over a reclining male figure representing ''Man, discovering his power to transmit sound through space'', and also pointing to three floating figures, the messengers of ''Knowledge'', ''Joy'', and ''Sorrow'' positioned at the other end of the tableau. Additionally, there are two female figures mounted on granite pedestals representing ''Humanity'' positioned to the left and right of the memorial, one sending and the other receiving a message.〔〔 The Bell Telephone Memorial has been described as the finest example of Allward's early work.〔 It brought the sculptor to fame and later led to Allward creating the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France. Some of the sculptor's works have also been acquired by the National Gallery in Ottawa, Canada's preeminent art gallery.〔 The memorial itself has been used as a central fixture for many civic events and remains an important part of Brantford's history, helping the city style itself as'' "The Telephone City".'' == History == Alexander Graham Bell conceived the technical aspects of the telephone and invented it in July 1874,〔Bruce 1990, pp. 122-123.〕 while residing with his parents at their farm in Tutelo Heights (named after the First Nations tribe which settled the area),〔Patten, William; Bell, Alexander Melville. (Pioneering The Telephone In Canada ), Montreal: Herald Press, 1926. N.B.: Patten's full name was William Patten, not Gulielmus Patten as credited elsewhere.〕 on the outskirts of Brantford, Ontario. He later refined its design at Brantford after producing his first working prototype in Boston.〔 MacLeod, Elizabeth. (''Alexander Graham Bell: An Inventive Life'' ). Toronto: Kids Can Press, 1999, p.14. ISBN 1-55074-456-9. 〕 Canada's first telephone factory, created by James Cowherd of Brantford, was a three story brick building that soon started manufacturing telephones for the Bell System, leading to the city's style as ''The Telephone City''.〔 Sharpe, Robert; Canadian Military Heritage Museum. (Soldiers and Warriors: The Early Volunteer Militia of Brant County: 1856-1866 ), Brantford, ON: Canadian Military Heritage Museum, 1998, p. 80, ref. citations No. 142 & 143, which in turn cite: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bell Telephone Memorial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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